Minna no Nihongo - Unit 19 Overview

Minna no Nihongo - Unit 19 Overview


In Unit 19, you will learn how to express opinions, preferences, and experiences in Japanese, focusing on the use of plain forms (also known as casual or informal forms) and verbs in the た-form to express past experiences. The unit will also introduce how to use なります to indicate becoming or changing states.


1. Vocabulary (たんご)

This unit introduces vocabulary related to preferences, experiences, and states of change.

  • のぼります (noborimasu) – to climb, to go up
  • とまります (tomarimasu) – to stay (at a hotel)
  • そうじします (souji shimasu) – to clean
  • せんたくします (sentaku shimasu) – to do laundry
  • れんしゅうします (renshuu shimasu) – to practice
  • なります (narimasu) – to become
  • つよい (tsuyoi) – strong
  • よわい (yowai) – weak
  • ちょうし (choushi) – condition
  • ゴルフ (gorufu) – golf
  • すもう (sumou) – sumo wrestling
  • おちゃ (ocha) – tea ceremony
  • ひ (hi) – day
  • いちど (ichido) – once
  • だんだん (dandan) – gradually
  • もうすぐ (mousugu) – soon

2. Grammar Points (ぶんぽう)

A. Expressing Preferences Using Plain Forms

In casual conversations, you can use plain forms of verbs and adjectives to express your opinions and preferences.

  1. Plain Form Verbs:

    • The plain form of ます-form verbs is used in casual speech.
    • Examples:
      • たべます (tabemasu)たべる (taberu) (to eat)
      • のみます (nomimasu)のむ (nomu) (to drink)
  2. Expressing Likes and Dislikes with 〜たいです

    • Use 〜たいです (want to) to express a desire to do something.
    • Structure:
      [Verb in stem form] + たいです。
    • Examples:
      • わたしは ゴルフを したいです。
        (I want to play golf.)
      • わたしは にほんへ いきたいです。
        (I want to go to Japan.)

B. Using the た-form to Describe Past Experiences

The た-form of verbs is used to talk about past actions or experiences. It is equivalent to the past tense in English.

  1. Forming the た-form of Verbs:

    • For Group 1 verbs, change the final sound to its corresponding った form.
    • For Group 2 verbs, replace ます with .
    • Examples:
      • たべます (tabemasu)たべた (tabeta) (ate)
      • のみます (nomimasu)のんだ (nonda) (drank)
  2. Using た-form to Express Experience:

    • You can use たことが あります to say you have done something before.
    • Structure:
      [Verb in た-form] + ことが あります。
    • Example:
      • わたしは すしを たべたことが あります。
        (I have eaten sushi before.)

C. Expressing Change with なります

  1. 〜くなります / 〜になります – “to become”
    • Use 〜くなります with い-adjectives and 〜になります with な-adjectives and nouns to express that something has changed or become a certain state.
    • Structure:
      • For い-adjectives:
        [い-adjective, minus い] + くなります。
      • For な-adjectives and nouns:
        [な-adjective / noun] + に なります。
    • Examples:
      • あつい → あつく なります。
        (It becomes hot.)
      • しずか → しずかに なります。
        (It becomes quiet.)
      • せんせい → せんせいに なります。
        (I become a teacher.)

3. Example Sentences

  1. わたしは にほんへ いきたいです。
    (I want to go to Japan.)

  2. わたしは おすしを たべたことが あります。
    (I have eaten sushi before.)

  3. かのじょは にほんごが じょうずに なりました。
    (She has become good at Japanese.)

  4. さむく なります。
    (It will become cold.)

  5. わたしは ホテルに とまったことが あります。
    (I have stayed at a hotel before.)


4. Practice Sentences

  • わたしは おちゃを ならいたいです。
    (I want to learn the tea ceremony.)

  • わたしは いちど ふじさんに のぼったことが あります。
    (I have climbed Mt. Fuji once.)

  • あなたは かいしゃいんに なりますか。
    (Will you become an office worker?)

  • わたしは ゴルフが すきです。
    (I like golf.)


5. Summary

In Unit 19, you learn how to express opinions, preferences, and experiences using the plain form of verbs, the た-form, and なります to indicate changes or becoming something. This unit is essential for more casual or informal conversations and helps you express what you have done before and what changes or goals you expect to achieve in the future.

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